Although Uruk in southern Mesopotamia has been (i)_____ as being both the first city and the model for later cones, at least two sites in northern Mesopotamia have yielded clear evidence of urbanization long before the existing evidence from Uruk, and other discoveries indicate that some of the (ii)_____ early urbanism were invented not in southern Mesopotamia but in the north. These findings have led some archaeologists to (iii)_____ a serious reconsideration about when and where the first cities arose.